नेपालि समाजको अर्थ र राजनितिक रुपान्तरण

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uPsf] ;f7L aif{aLrdf g]kfn tLgj6f dxTjk"0f{ /fhgLlts kl/jt{gaf6 u'lh|of]– ;ft ;fnsf] ;ª\3if{ / !)$ aif]{ hxflgofF /f0ff zf;gsf] ;dflKt, 5ofnL; ;fnsf] P]ltxfl;s hgcfGbf]ng / #) aif]{ k~rfotL tfgfzfxL cGTo tyf @)^@÷^# sf] zflGtk"0f{ hgljb|f]x / ;ª\3Lo nf]stflGqs u0ftGq :yfkgf . tLgj6} kl/jt{gx¿ cfˆgf] ;do–;Gbe{ / P]ltxfl;s pknlJwsf lglDt dxTjk"0f{ / nfIfl0fs 5g\ . oL kl/jt{gsf] andf cfh g]kfnn] s]xL o'uLg ;kmntf k|fKt u/]sf] 5– v'Nnf / jx'ntfo'Qm ;dfh, nf]stGqsf dxTjk"0f{ ljz]iftfx¿, lzIff–:jf:Yo–;~rf/ / k"jf{wf/df s]xL pknlJw, hgtfsf] r]tgf lj:tf/ / ljZj ;d'bfoaLr :jLsfo{tf, ;Ddfg / dfGotf cflb . Oltxf;sf oL dxTjk"0f{ k|flKtsf nflu jt{dfgn] uf}/j ug'{k5{, lsgeg] eljiosf] g]kfnsf nflu klg oL pknlJw cfwf/zLnfsf] ¿kdf /xg]5g\ .

t/ cfˆgf] ;do, d"NojQf / pknlJwsf] ;Gbe{df oL kl/jt{gx¿ P]ltxfl;s dxTjsf eP klg g]kfnL ;dfhsf] cfwf/e"t ;d:of ;dfwfgdf logLx¿ lg0ff{os aGg ;s]gg\ . @)^@÷^# sf] kl/jt{gn] cem} k"0f{tf k|fKt ul/;s]sf] 5}g, To;}n] o;sf af/]df s'g} lgisif{ lgsfNg' xtf/f] x'g]5 . t/ ;dfhsf] cfd"n ¿kfGt/0fdf o; cl3sf b'a} cfGbf]ng r's] . ;ft ;fnsf] ;ª\3if{n] /f0ff zf;g t ;dfKt u¥of], t/ To;sf] ;fdflhs–cfly{s cfwf/sf] ¿kdf /x]sf] ;fdGtL ;+/rgf abNg ;s]g . kmntM /f0ffzfxLn] 6]s]sf] cy{–;fdflhs ;+/rgfd} pFleP/ /fhtGqn] k|hftGqnfO{ ckx/0f ug]{ df}sf kfof] . #) aif]{ k~rfotL tfgfzfxLnfO{ ;dfKt kfg]{ 5ofnL; ;fnsf] cfGbf]ngsf] dxTj ;fdfGo lyPg . t/ Tof] cfGbf]ngn] klg laifdtfo'Qm ;fdflhs ;+/rgf¿kL j[Ifsf h/f plwGg ;s]g . lbuf] kl/jt{gsf] hgtfsf] ;kgf cw'/} /Xof] . oxL eª\u ;kgfsf sf/0f l;lh{t c;Gt'li6, cfqmf]z / ljt[i0ffsf] hudf clt blIf0fkGyL / pu|jfdkGyL zlQmx¿n] df}nfpg] df}sf kfP . afx« aif{df vf]nf] kmls{of] / xfdL km]l/ PskN6 lg/ª\s'ztGqlj?4 sl7g ;ª\3if{sf] r/0fdf k|j]z ug{ jfWo eof}+ . rf/ aif{ nfdf] cf/f]x–cj/f]xk"0f{ cfGbf]ngn] cfh d'n'sdf ;ª\3Lo nf]stflGqs u0ftGq :yfkgf t ePsf] 5 . t/ o;sf] :yfloTjsf] k|Tofe"lt eO;s]sf] 5}g .

g]kfndf /f0ffzf;g ;dfKt x'g'eGbf ;f9] tLg aif{ cufl8 ;g\ !($& df l5d]sL ef/tn] a]nfotL cf}klgj]lzs bf;tfaf6 cfkm"nfO{ d'Qm u/]sf] lyof] . To;/L g} lrgn] ;ft ;fnsf] qmflGteGbf 8]9 aif{ klxn] - ;g\ !($( df _  cfkm"nfO{ xhf/f}+ aif{ k'/fgf] ;fdGtL aGwgaf6 :jtGq t'NofPsf] lyof] . cfh lrg / ef/t sxfF k'u] / xfdL sxfF 5f}+ eGg] t'ngfsf] w[i6tf ug'{ ;xh 5}g . sf]l/of klg ToxL xf/fxf/L d'Qm ePsf] lyof] . o;aLrdf ef/tn] ljefhgsf] kL8f, lrgn] ;f+:s[lts qmflGtsfnLg pynk'yn / sf]l/ofn] cd]l/sL cfqmd0fsf] ;d]t ;fdgf u/]sf 5g\ . t/ oL ;a} cj/f]w l5rf]Nb} pgLx¿n] u/]sf] k|ult sNkgftLt 5 . To;/L g}, 5ofnL;df xfdLn] lg/ª\s'ztGqnfO{ k/flht u/]s} xf/fxf/L blIf0f clk|msfn] /ª\ue]b lj/f]wL o'uf}+ nfdf] ;ª\3if{df ljho>L xfl;n u/]sf] lyof] eg] To;} ;dodf lkmlnlkG;n] dfsf]{;sf], O08f]g]l;ofn] ;'xftf]{sf] / lrnLn] lkgf];]sf] qf;bLaf6 d'lQm kfPsf lyP . of] b'O{ bzsaLrdf blIf0f clk|msfn] åGåsf] ;kmn ¿kfGt/0fdfq u/]sf] 5}g, ;+ljwfg lgdf{0f, cfly{s ;d[l4 / Oltxf;sf 3fp k'g]{ sfddf ;d]t nf]enfUbf] ;kmntf k|fKt u/]sf] 5 . G - 20 df k|j]z / xfn} ;DkGg ljZjsksf] ;kmn cfof]hgfåf/f ljZj;d'bfoaf6 k|fKt ;Ddfgn] p;sf] ;kmntfsf] syf atfpF5g\ . lkmlnlkG;, O08f]g]l;of / lrnLsf] k|ult klg Oiof{nfUbf] 5, oBlk tL b]z ;d:ofd'Qm rflxF 5}gg\ .

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xfdLn] k|fKt pknlJw hf]ufpg ;s]gf}+ . ;ft ;fnsf pknlJw bzs glaTb} vf]l;P . o;nfO{ Tolta]nfsf] /fhgLlts r]tgf, e"/fhgLlt / cGo P]ltxfl;s ;Gbe{sf sf/0f :jfefljs} xf] eGg ;lsPnf . t/ Oltxf;af6 kf7 l;s]/, lgs} 7"nf] d"No r'sfP/ k|fKt u/]sf] / P]ltxfl;s dxTjsf] 7flgPsf] jx'bnLo k|hftGqnfO{ klg xfdLn] /Iff ug{ ;s]gf}+ . 5ofnL;sf] cfGbf]ngsf] Ps bzs laTbfglaTb} ;x/df blIf0fkGyL /fhfjfbL xdnf / ufpFdf dfcf]jfbL lx+;fTds cfqmd0fsf sf/0f jx'bnLo k|0ffnL IftljIft eof] / xfdLn] km]l/ PskN6 nf]stGqsf lglDt sl7g ;ª\3if{df k|j]z ug{ jfWo eof}+ . P]ltxfl;s hgcfGbf]ngsf dfWodaf6 d'n's /fhtGqaf6 u0ftGqdf, clwgfosjfbaf6 nf]stGqdf, em08} !& xhf/sf] Hofg hfg] u/L ePsf] lx+;f–k|ltlx+;fsf] z[ª\vnfaf6 zflGtdf / PsfTdstfaf6 ;ª\3Lotfdf k|j]z u/]sf] 5 . t/ oL pknlJw lbuf], ;+:yfut / ;'lglZrt eO;s]sf 5}gg\ . o;aLrdf, cfGbf]ngn] hufPsf ;kgf, ljsf; u/]sf d"No / :yflkt u/]sf] ljZjf;dfly 7"nf] k|ZglrXg pkl:yt ePsf] 5 . kl/jt{gk|lt hgtfsf] ljZjf; sdhf]/ x'Fb} hfg', g]t[Tjk|lt hgdfg;df g}/fZo / c;Gt'li6 tLj| aGb} hfg' / rf/ aif{ JotLt gx'Fb} cfGbf]ngn] lj:yflkt u/]sf zlQmx¿n] lz/ 7f8f] u/]/ lx+8\g] w[i6tf ug'{ ;fdfGo r'gf}tL xf]Og . sltko d'n'sx¿ åGåf]Q/ sfnsf] ;xL Joj:yfkg ug{ g;Sbf cem hl6n åGådf kmF;]sf b[i6fGt 5g\ . st} g]kfnn] klg ToxL lgolt t Joxfg'{ kg]{ xf]Og < o:tf] lrGtf o;aLrdf afSnf] aGg k'u]sf] 5 . cfGbf]ng ug{ ;Sg] t/ To;sf] Joj:yfkg ug{ g;Sg], /fhgLlts kl/jt{g Nofpg] t/ To;nfO{ hgtfsf] hLjg;Dd lj:tf/ ug{ g;Sg] / cfGbf]ngsf a]nfdf cfh{g u/]sf] g]t[Tjsf] k|lti7f cfGbf]ng–pQ/ sfndf hu]gf{ x'g g;Sg] ljutsf] sdhf]/L  km]l/ bf]xf]l/g] kf] xf] ls–cfzª\sf 3gLe"t x'g yfn]sf] 5 .

cflv/ xfdL sxfF r'ls/x]sf 5f}+ < tLg–tLgj6f P]ltxfl;s cfGbf]ng / dxTjk"0f{ /fhgLlts kl/jt{gkl5 klg xfd|f] of] cwf]ultsf lglDt s'g s'/f lhDd]jf/ 5 – JolQm ljz]if < xfdLn] lnPsf] af6f] < xfd|f] cfGbf]ng :jo+ < of cGo s]xL < clg, l;l;km;sf] b'MvfGt lgoltsf] of] k'g/fj[lQaf6 xfdL s;/L / slxn] d'Qm x'g ;S5f}+ <

k|:t't cfn]vdf xfdL log} ljifodf 5nkmn ug]{5f}+ .

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Oltxf;df JolQmsf] e"ldsf x'G5 g} . To;dfly, /fhgLlts kl/jt{gsf] lglDt g]t[TjbfoL JolQmsf] e"ldsf t dxTjk"0f{ x'g] g} eof] . p;sf] of]Uotf of cIfdtfn], p;sf] b"/blz{tf of cNkb[li6n], p;sf] l;h{gzLntf of h8;"qtfn], p;sf] pT;u{ of ;ª\sL0f{ :jfy{n] /fhgLlts kl/jt{gnfO{ tLj| of ;':t, pWj{ufdL of cwf]ufdL, hgd'vL of ;Qfd'vL / ;kmn of ljkmn agfpg e"ldsf v]N5g\ . To;}n] /fhgLlts kl/jt{gdf ;'of]Uo g]t[Tjsf] vf]hL hlxn] klg x'G5 . t/ JolQmsf ;Ldf x'G5g\ . hlt;'s} of]Uo eP klg JolQm PSn}n] kl/jt{gsf] k|Tofe"lt ug{ ;Sb}g, g p;n] kl/jt{gnfO{ pN6\ofpg g} ;S5 . qmflGt of k|ltqmflGtsf nflu, kl/jt{g of oyfl:yltsf nflu JolQm lgldQ kfq xf] / lg0ff{os s'/f rflxF g]t[TjbfoL ;+:yf, ltgn] lnPsf] af6f] / hgtfsf] ;xeflutfsf] :t/ xf] . xfdLn] xfd|f] ;kmntf of c;kmntfsf] P]ltxfl;s ;ldIff ubf{ JolQmnfO{ xf]Og, /fhgLlts af6f], sfo{lbzf of ;}4flGts–j}rfl/s / gLltut dfGotf Pj+ tHhGo ;+/rgfnfO{ cfwf/ agfpg' k5{ , logLx¿sf] ljZn]if0faf6 plrt lgisif{ lgsfNg'k5{ .

;ft ;fnsf] cfGbf]ngsf] nIo hxflgof /f0ff zf;gaf6 d'n'snfO{ d'Qm ug]{ s'/fdf ;Lldt lyof] . Pp6f j+z ljz]ifsf] tfgfzfxL zf;gnfO{ ;dfKt ug'{ cfkm}df dxTjk"0f{ kl/jt{g lyof], t/ of] kof{Kt lyPg . Pp6f j+zsf] xftaf6 csf]{ j+zdf ;Qf x:tfGt/0f of zf;gdf kfqx¿sf] kl/jt{g dfqn] ;d:ofsf] ;dfwfg lbg' ;+ej lyPg . t/ cfGbf]ngsf/L zlQmx¿n] Tolta]nf ;du| ;fdflhs–cfly{s ¿kfGt/0fsf] Jojl:yt sfo{;"rL ljsf; ul/;s]sf lyPgg\ . cfGbf]ngsf] cu'jfO ug]{ g]kfnL sfª\u|];;Fu jx'bnLo k|hftGq / ;+j}wflgs /fhtGqsf] df]6f] /fhgLlts Ph]08f lyof], t/ ;dfhsf] cy{–/fhgLlts kl/jt{gsf] Jojl:yt sfo{of]hgf / b[li6sf]0f lyPg . g]kfn sDo'lgi6 kf6L{n] ;fdflhs–cfly{s kl/jt{gsf of]hgfx¿ cufl8 ;f/]sf] lyof], t/ p;;Fu ltgLx¿nfO{ sfof{Gjog ug]{ /fhgLlts ;fdYo{ lyPg . kmntM ;ft ;fnsf] cfGbf]ngn] ;dfhsf] cy{–/fhgLlts kl/jt{gdf ;fy{s e"ldsf v]Ng ;s]g . cfGbf]ng /f0ffx¿;Fusf] ;Demf}tfdf 6'lª\ug', cfGbf]ngkl5sf] ;/sf/df df]xg;dz]/s} k|wfgdGqLTj sfod /xg', ;]gfnfO{ gful/s lgoGq0fdf Nofpg g;Sg' / lj:tf/} Tof] b/af/sf] kf]N6fdf k'Ug', hldGbf/L, latf{ / ;fdGtL zf]if0fsf cGo ¿kx¿nfO{ cGTo ub}{ hgtfnfO{ cfly{s–;fdflhs clwsf/n] ;DkGg ug{ g;Sg' cflbn] ubf{ oyfy{df Tof] k|hftGq hgtfsf] dgdl:tisdf :yflkt x'g} ;s]g . kmntM /fhf dx]Gb|n] qmdzM k|hftflGqs ;+:yfx¿nfO{ sdhf]/ ub}{ cGTodf ckx/0f ug{ ;kmn eP . k|hftGq vf]l;Fbf klg hgtf lg/k]If / lgik[x b]lvg' pQm k|hftGq …hgtfsf] tGqÚ aGgg;s]sf] s'/fsf] k|fdfl0fs / HjnGt pbfx/0f lyof] .

tL; aif{ nfdf] alnbfgL ;ª\3if{kl5 xfdLn] jx'bnLo k|hftGq :yfkgf u¥of}+– @)$^ ;fndf . k~rfotL tfgfzfxLsf] cGTo, /fhfsf lg/ª\s'z clwsf/x¿sf] s6f}tL, hgtfsf] ;fj{ef}d;Qf, jx'njfbL v'Nnf ;dfh, dfgj clwsf/ / ljlwsf] zf;g :yfkgf h:tf ;+j}wflgs k|fjwfgx¿ lgs} dxTjk"0f{ k|flKt lyP– tTsfnLg ;Gbe{df . t/ oL dxTjk"0f{ /fhgLlts clwsf/nfO{ xfdLn] hgtfsf] hLjg;Dd lj:tf/ ug{ ;s]gf}+, logLx¿sf] ;fdflhs–cfly{s ¿kfGt/0fdf cg'jfb x'g ;s]g . pbf/Ls/0f, v'Nnf ahf/ cy{tGq / lghLs/0fsf] cGwfg'z/0f ub}{ hfFbf, ahf/n] :jtM cj;/ l;h{gf u5{– /fHosf] e"ldsf t vfln ;xhsQf{sf] dfq} x'g'k5{ eGg] dfGotfsf cfwf/df /fHosf] e"ldsf s6f}tL ub}{ hfFbf, ;fdflhs If]qdf /fHosf] nufgL ;ª\s'lrt x'Fb} hfFbf ;LdfGt ju{ cem ;LdfGt aGb} uP, cfly{s ljifdtf emg} ljs/fn x'Fb} uof] . k|hftGq cfPkl5 xfd|f ;a} ;d:ofsf] ;dfwfg x'G5 eGg] hgtfsf] ck]Iff k"/f x'g g;Sbf / cem sltko ;Gbe{df ;d:of emg} u+eL/ aGb} hfFbf hgtf lg/fz x'g' :jfefljs} lyof] . To;dfly, cfGbf]ngsf/L zlQmx¿ :jo+ ;Qf lnK;f / e|i6frf/df d'l5Fb} hfFbf ;dfhdf c;Gt'li6 a9\b} uof] . …k|hftGqÚ …k|hfsf] tGqÚ xf]Og, g]tftGq h:tf], s'nLgtGq h:tf] aGb} uof], zf;g k|0ffnL / hgtfsf] aLrdf 7"nf] kvf{n v8f x'Fb} uof] . @)%( c;f}hdf z]/axfb'/ b]pjfnfO{ avf{:t ul/Fbf pgL hgtfsf lgjf{lrt k|wfgdGqL lyP . t/ cfˆg} k|wfgdGqLsf] Tof] avf{:tuLnfO{ hgtfn] cfˆgf] clwsf/ ckx/0f ePsf] 7fGg] l:ylt ag]g, To;nfO{ k|hftGqdflysf] cfqmd0f 7flgPg . dfgf}+ of] Pshgf JolQmsf] dfq} ;d:of lyof] . k|hftGq hgtfaf6 s6\b} uPkl5 s;/L of] sdhf]/ aGb} hfFbf] /x]5 / /QmkftljxLg 9Ën] klg o;nfO{ s;/L ;dfKt kfg{ ;lsFbf] /x]5 eGg] s'/fsf] HjnGt pbfx/0f xf] of] . /fhgLlts clwsf/nfO{ ;fdflhs–cfly{s clwsf/sf] tx;Dd lj:tf/ ug{ / ;dfhsf] ;du| ¿kfGt/0f ug{ g;Sbf /fhgLlts :jtGqtf klg sdhf]/ x'Fb} hfg], ltgLx¿n] dxTj u'dfpFb} hfg] / k'g/fTygjfbL zlQmx¿n] zlQm ;~rosf] df}sf kfpg] cj:yf aGbf]/x]5 eGg] s'/f xfdLn] lgs6 ctLtsf cg'ejaf6 yfxf kfPsf 5f}+ .

@)^@÷^# sf] P]ltxfl;s hgcfGbf]ngtfsf xfdLn] …nf]stGqÚ eGg] kbfjln k|of]u u¥of}+ / To;sf cufl8 …k"0f{Ú eGg] ljz]if0f klg hf]8\of}+ . To;f] t, k|hftGq, hgtGq, nf]stGq cflb ;a} zJb …Democracy' s} g]kfnL ¿kfGt/ x'g\ . zJbd} tflTjs leGgtf vf]Hg' cfkm}df cy{k"0f{ x'Fb}g . t/ casf] cfGbf]ng …k"0f{ nf]stGqÚ sf lglDt elg/xFbf cfGbf]ngsf/L zlQm, ljz]if u/L o'jfx¿sf] cfzo lyof]– xfd|f] cfGbf]ng ;Qfaf6 aflx/ kfl/Psf bnx¿nfO{ ;Qfdf kmsf{pg dfq}, lj3l6t ;+;bnfO{ k'g:yf{lkt ug{ dfq} of /fhfnfO{ ;Demf}tfdf cfpg jfWo kfg{ dfq} xf]Og . cfGbf]ngsf] p2]Zo xf]– ;fdflhs Gofo;lxtsf] k|hftGqsf] :yfkgf, /fhtGq / hgtfsf] o'uf}+ nfdf] åGåsf] cGTo, nf]stflGqs u0ftGqsf] :yfkgf, hgtf ;fFrf] cy{df ;Dk|e' x'g] k|0ffnLsf] ;'lglZrttf / d'n'ssf] ;d[l4 . cyf{t\ …nf]stGqÚ kbfjlnleq xfdLn] cf}krfl/s k|hftGqeGbf Ps sbd cufl8 a9]/ ;fdflhs–;f+:s[lts clwsf/;d]tsf] :yfkgfsf] ;ª\sNk u¥of}+ . xfdL …k|hftGqÚ sf] gfddf k'/fg} k|0ffnLdf ;Lldt /xFb}gf}+– To;eGbf Ps kfOnf cufl8 a9\5f}+ eGg] k|ltj4tf JoQm u/]kl5 dfq}, ljutsf uNtL bf]xf]¥ofpFb}gf}+– ca xfdL gofF d"No / gofF ;f]rsf ;fy cufl8 a9\5f}+ eGg] k|0f u/]kl5 dfq} / cfGbf]ngsf] cu|efudf gofF g]t[Tjsf] ;d]t pkl:ylt b]lvPkl5 dfq} hgtfsf] ljzfn ;xeflutf ;+ej ePsf] lyof] cfGbf]ngdf . cGoyf, …k|ltudg ;Rrfpg]Ú of …;+;b k'g:yf{kgf ug]{Ú gf/fdfq} cufl8 ;f/]sf] a]nf bnx¿sf] cfGbf]ng s;/L /Tgkfs{b]lv /Tgkfs{;Ddsf] uf]nrSs/df kml;/x]sf] lyof] eGg] xfdLnfO{ yfxf 5 . cyjf, …/fHo;Qfsf] hGd aGb'ssf] gfnaf6 x'G5Ú eGg] dfcf];"qLo gf/fsf cfwf/df rn]sf] lx+;fTds cfGbf]ng s;/L Ps Jof/]sb]lv csf]{ Jof/]s;Ddsf] xdnfdf, nf;x¿sf] rfªdf / g lhTg ;Sg] g ;dfKt g} x'g] e'Fj/Ldf kmF;]sf] lyof] eGg] klg xfdL ;a}nfO{ x]Ssf 5 . u0ftGq, lbuf] zflGt, ;fdflhs Gofo / /fHosf] cu|ufdL k'g;{+/rgf;lxt …gofF g]kfnÚ agfpg] ;ª\sNkn] g} cfGbf]ngnfO{ gofF prfOdf p7fPsf] lyof] .

/fhgLlts clwsf/x¿ lgZro g} w]/} dxTjk"0f{ x'G5g\ . cleJolQm :jtGqtf, jx'bnLo k|ltikwf{, cfjlws lgjf{rg, hgtfaf6 lgjf{lrt ;/sf/ / ljlwsf] zf;g o:tf ljifo x'g\, h;n] hgtfnfO{ ;';"lrt, k|lzlIft / ;an agfpF5g\ . t/ ;fdflhs–cfly{s–;f+:s[lts clwsf/sf] k|Tofe"lt ug{ ;lsPg eg] oL clwsf/x¿ cf}krfl/s aGg k'U5g\, logn] dxTj u'dfpF5g\ . ;ft ;fn / 5ofnL; ;fnsf] kl/jt{gsf] ;a}eGbf u+eL/ sdhf]/L s] lyof] eg] ltgLx¿n] ;dfhsf] cy{–/fhgLlts ¿kfGt/0fnfO{ Ph]08f g} agfPgg\ . /fhgLlts :jtGqtnfO{ kof{Kt 7fGbf ltgn] hgtfsf] cfd ;dy{g k|fKt ug{ ;s]gg\ . k'/fgf] /fHo;+/rgfnfO{ ¿kfGt/0f ug{ grfxFbf of g;Sbf, k'/fgf ;fdflhs gLlt / ;+:s[ltx¿nfO{ abNg g;Sbf / gofF d"Nox¿sf] lgdf{0f ug{ g;Sbf kl/jt{gn] phf{ u'dfof] . k'/fg} ;fdflhs–cfly{s gLlt sfod /fv]/, k'/fg} ;+/rgfdfly lge{/ /x]/ gofF ;dfh lgdf{0f ug'{ ;+ej lyPg . kmntM gofF /fhgLlts k|0ffnL / k'/fgf ;fdflhs–cfly{s–;f+:s[lts ;+/rgfaLr cGt/lj/f]w l;h{gf eof] . oxL cGt/lj/f]wn] g} cGttM k|hftGq u'Dg] / k|ltqmflGtsf/L zlQmn] k'gM ljho k|fKt ug]{ l:ylt l;h{gf eof] .

clxn] xfdL gofF r'gf}tLsf aLrdf 5f}+ . /fhtGqaf6 u0ftGqdf ;ª\qmd0f rfg]r'g] kl/jt{g xf]Og . To;/L g}, PsfTdstfaf6 ;ª\3fTdstflt/sf] ¿kfGt/0f klg ;fdfGo ljifo xf]Og . P3f/  aif{ nfdf] lx+;fTds åGåsf] z[ª\vnf cGTo x'g' / k"j{ ljb|f]xL zlQm hª\unaf6 l;+xb/af/df cfpg' P]ltxfl;s dxTj /fVg] ljifo xf] . a'n]6 xf]Og Jofn]6 ;Qf kl/jt{gsf] lg0ff{os ljifo aGg' o'ufGtsf/L pknlJw xf] .  t/ u0ftGqsf] ;fGble{stf Tolta]nf dfq} :yflkt x'g]5, hlta]nf xfdL of] tGqnfO{ …u0fx¿sf] tGqÚ cyf{t\ cfd hgtfsf] ;fFrf] zf;g Joj:yfdf ¿kfGtl/t ug{ ;S5f}+ . /fhtGqsf] cg'kl:yltdfq} ;fFrf] cy{df u0ftGq xf]Og . olb u0ftGq g]kfndf klg xhf/f}+ o'jfx¿ k|ltlbg ;:tf] >dsf nflu b]z 5f8\g jfWo x'G5g\ eg], u0ftGqdf klg ;'s'Daf;L, e"ldxLg, dlxnf / blntsf ;d:of Ho'FsfTo'F /xG5g\ eg], u0ftGqdf klg ljlwsf] xf]Og, JolQm of zlQms} zf;g rN5 eg] hgtfn] Tof] tGqnfO{ s;/L cfˆgf] eGg ;S5g\ < ;ª\3Lotf dxTjk"0f{ s'/f xf] . t/ o;df gfddf l;+xb/af/df s]xL s'nLgx¿sf xftdf ;Lldt /x]sf] clwsf/ c? s]xL If]qLo b/af/x¿df, c? s]xL hftLo of If]qLo s'nLgsf xftdf k'glj{t/0fdfq} x'g] xf] eg] o;sf] ;fGble{stf s] x'G5 <  k"j{ ljb|f]xLx¿ nf]stflGqs wf/df cfpg' dxTjk"0f{ s'/f xf] . t/ åGåsf h/fsf ¿kdf /x]sf ;fdflhs,cfly{s / ;f+:s[lts lje]bsf] cGTo ug{ ;lsPg eg] åGå gofF cjtf/sf;fy k'gM cf/De x'g]5 . Joj:yf dfq xf]Og cj:yf;d]t kl/jt{g ug{ ;lsof] eg]dfq}, kfq dfq xf]Og kl/j]z klg abNg ;lsof] eg] dfq} / cfGbf]ng ug]{dfq} xf]Og kl/jt{gsf] Joj:yfkg ;d]t ug{ ;lsof] eg] dfq} xfdL l;l;km;sf] lgoltaf6 d'Qm x'g]5f}+ . To;}n] olta]nf ;dfhsf] cy{–/fhgLlts ¿kfGt/0fsf] ljifo Hofb} dxTjk"0f{ 5 .

/fhgLlts l;4fGtsf] jx;

aL;f}+ ztfJbLsf dxfg pynk'ynn] qmflGtsf l;4fGt, bz{g / /fhgLlts dfGotfx¿dfly u+eL/ k|ZglrXg v8f u/]sf 5g\ . k'Flhjfbsf] ljsNksf]¿kdf v8f ul/Psf] ;f]leot df]8n ;dfhjfb cfˆg} cfGtl/s sf/0fn] k/flht ePsf] 5 . qmflGtsf nflu lx+;fsf] clgjfo{tfsf] l;4fGt, ;j{xf/f clwgfosjfb Pj+ kmf}hL kf6L{sf dfGotf vl08t ePsf 5g\ . sDo'lgi6sf gfddf kf]nkf]6, snª\s ag], dfcf]sf ;f+:s[lts qmflGtsfnLg gLltn] lrgdf c:tJo:ttf l;h{gf u/] . :tflngsf unt gLlt / To;sf kl/0ffdaf/] gofF tYox¿ pb\3fl6t x'Fb}5g\ . ;fd|fHojfb d[To'z}ofdf 5 eGg] n]lggsf] ljZn]if0f ;d]t clt/~hgf 7xl/Psf] cj:yfdf ;dfhjfbnfO{ …l/lelh6Ú ug'{kg]{ cj:yf l;h{gf ePsf] 5 .

csf]{lt/, ;f]leot ;ª\3sf] ktgkl5 …;fDojfbsf] d[To'Ú …dfS;{jfbsf] ;dflKtÚ / …Oltxf;sf] cGToÚ eGg] h:tf k'FlhjfbL kl08tx¿sf ljZn]if0f / ca ahf/ cy{tGqafx]s c? s'g} ;To afFsL 5}g eGg] pgLx¿sf] eljiojfl0f klg vf]qmf] ;flat ePsf] 5 . ;g\ @))* af6 ;'? ePsf] ljZjJofkL cfly{s dGbLn] k'Flhjfbsf] cGt/lglxt ;ª\s6nfO{ pbfª\uf] kfl/lbPsf] 5, v'Nnf ahf/n] ;a} ;d:ofsf] ;dfwfg lbG5 eGg] bfaL lg/fwf/ ;flat ePsf] 5 . cd]l/sfsf 7"nf l/on :6]6, ;]o/ dfs]{6 / ljQLo ;+:yfh:t} ;dfhjfblj/f]wL lrGtgsf] kvf{n klg elTsPsf] 5 . tyfslyt gofF ljZjJoj:yfn] l;h{gf u/]sf] r/d cfly{s ljifdtf, ;f]leot ;dfhjfbsf] k/fho;Fu} /fhgLlts ljrf/wf/fsf] 7fpFdf ;'? ePsf] hftLo / If]qLo åGå Pj+ cfly{s, ;f+:s[lts / kof{j/0fLo ;d:of ;dfwfg ug{ k'Flhjfbsf] c;kmntfn] km]l/ PskN6 ;dfhjfbsf] cf}lrTonfO{ k'gk'{li6 ul/lbPsf] 5 . ljZjJofkL cfly{s dGbL;Fu} dfS;{sf] …k'FhLÚ k':tssf] Jofks ljqmL ;+of]usf] dfq} ljifo lyPg .

o;sf] cy{ xf]– ca …pbf/jfbL k|hftGqÚ  k'/fg} ¿kdf /xg ;Sb}g, ;dfhjfb klg k'/fg} ¿kdf /xg ;Sb}g . gofF kl/l:yltn] oL b'a}sf ;fd' gofF k|Zgx¿ pkl:yt ul/lbPsf 5g\, h;n] gofF hjfkmsf] dfu u5{g\ . k'FlhjfbL / ;dfhjfbL l;4fGtaLr e]b d]l6g' ;+ej 5}g . pgLx¿aLr tLj| k|ltikwf{ hf/L 5 / kl5 klg /lx/xg]5 . t/ ca pbf/ k|hftGqsf kIfw/x¿n] ;fdflhs Gofo / ;ffdflhs–cfly{s clwsf/sf kIfdf gaf]nL gx'g] kl/l:ylt l;h{gf ePsf] 5 . To;/L g}, ;dfhjfbLx¿n] klg nf]stGqsf ljZjJofkL dfGotfx¿nfO{ cfTd;ft u/]/ dfq} cufl8 a9\g ;lsg] l:ylt cfPsf] 5 . o:tf] cj:yfdf cfh Tof] k|ltikwf{nfO{ gofF prfOaf6 cufl8 n}hfg' / g]kfnsf] ;Gbe{df k'FlhjfbL qmflGt ;DkGg ug{ oL b'O{ l;4fGt / o;sf kIfw/ zlQmsf aLrdf …sGeh]{G;Ú sf laGb' vf]Hg' h?/L 5 .

b'ef{Uoj;, g]kfnL /fhgLltdf l;4fGtsf] of] jx; ;fx«} sdhf]/ 5 . …k|hftflGqs ;dfhjfbÚ sf] ;fGble{stf cfh 5 ls 5}g < 5 eg] cfhsf] ;Gbe{df o;sf]  JofVof s] xf] < ahf/ cy{tGq, pbf/Ls/0f / lghLs/0fsf] cGwfg's/0f tyf ;dfhjfbaLr ldnglaGb' sxfFlg/ 5 < o:tf k|Zgx¿sf] hjfkm gvf]hLsg g]kfnL sfª\u|]; cufl8 a9\g ;Sb}g . lx+;faf6 dfq} /fHo;Qf k|fKt ug{ ;lsG5 eGg] dfGotf t vl08t eO;Sof] . To;f] xf] eg] ca qmflGtsf] af6f] s'g xf] < PsbnLotf l6Sg c;+ej 5 eGg] :jLsf/ ul/;s]kl5 ca ;dfhjfb ;~rfngsf] ljlw / k4lt s:tf] x'G5 < o;sf nflu s:tf] kf6L{ lgdf{0f cfjZos 5 < o:tf k|Zgx¿sf] ;d'lrt hjfkm lagf dfcf]jfbL /fhgLltdf l6ls/xg' ;xh 5}g . g]skf -Pdfn]_ n] sDo'lgi6 cfGbf]ngdf cfPsf] ;ª\s6 / gofF k|Zgx¿sf] hjfkmsf] ¿kdf hgtfsf] jx'bnLo hgjfbsf] l;4fGt cufl8 ;f/]sf] lyof] . /fli6«o /fhgLltsf cg'ej / cfhsf] cGt/f{li6«o jfdkGyL cfGbf]ngn] o;sf] ;xLkgf / ;fGble{stf w]/}xb;Dd k'li6 u/]sf] 5 . t/ klg o;sf] k|of]usf em08} b'O{ bzssf] ;ldIff cTofjZos ePsf] 5 . ;xL l;4fGt x'Fbfx'Fb} klg Pdfn]sf] IfoLs/0fsf] sf/0f s] xf] < o;sf] ckJofVof u/]/ hlxn] klg / h:tf];'s} cj:yfdf klg ;Qfdf hfg] e¥ofª h:tf] agfpg] ljrngsf cfwf/ s] x'g\ <  o;aLrdf k6s–k6s ;Qfdf k'u]sf] kf6L{n] hgtfsf] jx'bnLo hgjfbsf] sfof{Gjogdf pQf]nssf] e"ldsf v]Ng ;Sof] ls ;s]g < ;s]g eg] lsg / ;Sof] eg] g]kfnL qmflGt cfh s'g laGb'df cfOk'u]sf] 5 < oL k|Zgsf] hjfkm lagf Pdfn] klg cufl8 a9\g ;Sg] cj:yf b]lvFb}g . t/ kf6L{x¿ o:tf k|Zgx¿df u+eL/ jx; rnfO/x]sf 5}gg\ .

To;}n] cfhsf] 7f]; k|Zgx¿sf] ;Gbe{df l;4fGtsf] jx;nfO{ gofF 9Ën] cufl8 n}hfg' / o;sf] l;h{gfTds ljsf; ug'{ ckl/xfo{ ePsf] 5 .

;fdflhs ¿kfGt/0fsf] g]kfnL af6f]

Dflysf] 5nkmnaf6 xfdLn] ;lhn} lgisif{ lgsfNg ;S5f}+ – ;dfhsf] ;du| ¿kfGt/0f x'g ;s]g eg] cfh xfdLn] k|fKt u/]sf /fhgLlts pknlJwx¿ lbuf] x'g]5}gg\ . hgtfsf] cfFvfdf ltgLx¿sf] ;fGble{stf k'li6 x'g]5}g . To;}n] k|fKt /fhgLlts pknlJwx¿nfO{ ;fdflhs–cfly{s ¿kfGt/0fsf] If]q;Dd lj:tf/ ug{' ckl/xfo{ 5 . ;dfh ¿kfGt/0fsf] g]kfnL af6f] cfˆg} ljlzi7 / df}lns k|s[ltsf] x'g]5 .

hgtfsf] ;j{tf]d'vL ljsf;sf] ;jf{]Qd /fhgLlts l;4fGt / k|0ffnL ;dfhjfb xf] . :jfefljs¿kn], g]kfnL /fhgLltsf] nIo klg ;dfhjfb g} xf] . t/ Tof] nIo k|flKtsf nflu g]kfnn] ;a}eGbf klxn] /fli6«o k''FhL lgdf{0fsf], /fli6«o cy{tGq ;anLs/0fsf], /fli6«o cfTdlge{/tfsf] nfdf] af6f] to ug'{ kg]{5 . alnof] cf}Bf]uLs/0fsf] hu lgdf{0f gu/L ;dfhjfb lgdf{0f x'g ;Sb}g . o;sf nflu xfdLn] cfly{s ljsf;nfO{ tLj|tf lbg}k5{ . 7"nf k"jf{wf/x¿sf] lgdf{0f, hn>f]tsf] clwstd ljsf;, s[lifsf] cfw'lgsLs/0f / To;sf] Joj;flos ljsf;, ko{6gsf] clwstd ;b'kof]u h:tf s'/fx¿n] dfq} tLj| ljsf;sf cfwf/ v8f ug]{5g\ . o;dfly klg, s[lif If]qsf ;du| ¿kfGt/0f ljsf;sf] d'Vo cfwf/ ;|f]t xf] . em08} ^* k|ltzt hg;ª\Vof cfl>t /x]sf], s"n u|fx:y pTkfbgdf #% k|ltzt of]ubfg lbO/x]sf] / hgtfsf] hLjg;Fu k|ToIf ¿kdf hf]l8Psf] s[lifsf] ¿kfGt/0f g]kfnsf] ljsf;sf] clgjfo{ k"j{ zt{ xf] . o;sf nflu ;j{k|yd s[lif If]qdf sfod ;fdGtL zf]if0fnfO{ cGTo ug'{ k5{ . jf:tljs hf]tfxfnfO{ hldg pknJw u/fpg] u/L j}1flgs e"ld;'wf/ nfu" ug'{k5{ . lapmlahg, dnvfb / l;rfO{df /fHoaf6 Jofks nufgL / cg'bfgsf] Joj:yf ul/g'k5{ . ;x'lnot b/df s[lif C0fsf] ;xh pknJwtf, kz' tyf s[lif afnLsf] ljdf, /fHoaf6 pko'Qm 9Ësf lapmlahg / kz' g:nsf] l;kmfl/; tyf s[lifsf] ljsf; cg's"n x'g] u/L ef}lts k"jf{wf/ / s[lif ahf/sf] Joj:yf cufl8 a9fOg' k5{ . s[lifncg';Gwfgdf Jofks nufgL / k|f]T;fxg ub}{ cfˆgf k/Dk/fut lapmlahg tyf afnL k|0ffnLsf] /Iff ug'{k5{ . clxn] ljleGg ax'/fli6«o sDkgLx¿af6 xfOla|8 / h]g]l6sNnL df]l8kmfO8 cuf{lgHdsf gfddf s[lifdf yf]kg{ vf]lhPsf] Psflwsf/n] Psflt/ g]kfn h:tf] d'n'ssf ls;fgx¿ qmdzM ax'/fli6«o sDkgLx¿sf] lgoGq0fdf kb}{ hfg] cj:yf l;h{gf ePsf] 5 eg] csf{lt/ h}ljs ljljwtf gi6 x'g] eofjx cj:yf klg l;h{gf x'Fb}5 . oL ;a} s'/fdf /fHosf gLlt lgdf{tfx¿sf] Wofg hfg' k5{ . 

tLj| cfly{s ljsf; ub}{ ;+;f/d} gofF zlQmsf] ¿kdf pbfpFb} u/]sf lrg / ef/tsf] aLrdf /x]sf] g]kfnsf] ljlzi6 e"/fhgLlts cjl:ylt Psflt/ ;+efjgf xf] / csf{lt/ r'gf}tL . 9Ë k'¥ofpg ;s] xfd|f nflu tL 7"nf ahf/ x'g]5g\, 9Ë k'¥ofpg g;s] xfdL …8lDkª ;fO6Ú aGg]5f}+ . b'Oj6} zlQmnfO{ ljZjf;df lng ;s] xfdLn] b'a}sf] ;b\efj / ;xof]u kfpg]5f}+, xf]Og eg] pgLx¿sf] v]n d}bfg aGg] vt/f klg plQs} 5 . o; s'/fnfO{ Wofgdf /fVb} xfdLn] t'ngfTds nfesf If]q klxNofP/ oL b'O{ ljzfn /fi6«x¿sf] lj:tf/ x'Fb} u/]sf] ahf/, pgLx¿;Fu /x]sf] c;L s/f]8eGbf a9L dWod ju{ / Jofkfl/s ;fem]bf/Laf6 nfe lng ;Sg'k5{ . pgLx¿;Fu ;dlgs6tfsf] ;DaGw sfod u/]/ g]kfnsf] ljsf;df ;xof]u lng ;Sg'k5{ .

t/ ljsf;sf ;DaGwdf /x]sf s]xL e|daf6 xfdL d'Qm x'g}k5{ . ahf/ / lghL If]qn] g} cj;/sf] l;h{gf u5{, /fHo t ;xhstf{ dfq} xf] eGg] dfGotf vl08t eO;s]sf] 5 . xfd|f] h:tf] d'n'sdf /fHosf] k|efjsf/L pkl:ylt, e"ldsf / nufgLlagf cy{tGqsf] tLj| ljsf; ;+ej 5}g . To;}n] xfd|f] cy{tGqsf cfwf/zLnfsf] ¿kdf /x]sf ;fj{hlgs, ;xsf/L / lghL If]qaLr ;Gt'ng ldnfpFb} /fHon] cy{tGqnfO{ tLj|tf lbg x:tIf]ksf/L e"ldsf v]Ng'k5{ .

t/ cfly{s ljsf;nfO{ hgtfsf] hLjg;Fu hf]8\g ;lsPg eg], To;sf k|ltkmn hgtf;dIf k'¥ofpg] k|efjsf/L ;+oGqsf] ljsf; ug{ ;lsPg eg] / ljsf;nfO{ ;fdflhs Gofo;Fu hf]8\g ;lsPg eg] Tof] cy{xLg x'ghfG5 . xfdLn] vf]h]sf] ljsf; eg]sf] ;x/sf] dWoefudf ljzfn slª\qm6sf dxn v8f ug]{ t/ nfvf}+ hgtfnfO{ lj:yflkt u/]/ k'nd'lg, vf]nfsf] lsgf/fdf of ;8ssf 5]pdf af]/f cf]8]/ ;'Tg jfWo agfpg] k|s[ltsf] ljsf; xf]Og .

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